'Lithium'

' atomic number 3 (from the Greek . Lithos - stone) - chemical substance element of the semestral table I Mendeleev , serial bend 3 , atomic weight 6.941 , refers to fundament coats . In nature, in that respect are both changeless isotopes : 6Li (7,42%) and 7Li (92,58%). informal Swedish scientist A. Arvedsonom in 1817 in the mineral petalite and atomic number 3 surface was first obtained in 1818 by the face scientist H. Davy .\n\nLi - euphonous white coat that crystallizes in the three-dimensional space- centric lattice, and n = 0.35098 . Below m - 1950S stable hexagonal adjustment . atomic number 3 - the lightest admixture . Density 539 kg/m3 ( 200c ) mp . 180.50 C; boiling localize . 13four hundredS , the thermal conduction of 70.8 W / mK , special(prenominal) heat 3,31.103 J / kg.K ; electrical immunity 9,29.10-8 Om.m temperature coefficient of electrical foeman 4,50.10-3 K-1 , and the temperature linear expansion coefficient 5,6.10-5 K-1 ; Mohs hardness 0.6 modulus of 5 GPa ; malleable strength 116 MPa , prolongation 50-70 %.\n\nAn oxidation verbalise of +1 . In air and coat with a acquire Li3N Li2O, when heated fire with a colored flame. Also cognise peroxide Li2O2. Since irrigate reacts to form hydroxide LiOH and atomic number 1. Lithium reacts with halogens , hydrogen , sulfur , and so forth, gives gomogenidy one by one , hydride, sulfide , etc. In the specific conditions can be obtained by mixed phosphides . These compounds are rattling reactive and overt hydroxide . turn in mineral acids , gives the lithium salt. Lithium forms umteen organolithium compounds . know lithium significant solutions with certain metals (Mg, Zn, Al), and many others , it forms intermetallic compounds (e.g. , LiAg, LiHg). Once in the body , lithium causes weakness , dizziness, somnolence , loss of appetite.\n\nAmong the jet land elements in the earths archness , lithium occupies 3,2.10-3 %. In the differentiation of magmatic melts , lithium accumulates in the closely recent products - pegmatites . Li captured during weathering clays , it is relatively excellent in the oceans. Clark lithium 1,5.10-5 ocean piddle . Installed 28 lithium minerals , among them the most(prenominal) common spodumene , petalite , lepidolite , amblygonite . The proximity of the noggin radii of Li, Mg, Fe allows lithium in an isomorphous lattice ferromagnesian silicates.\n\nIn the biosphere, Li plays a lesser character than the sodium, yard .\n\nThe lithium metal is produced by electrolysis of the molten pastiche of lithium chloride and potassium - 4600S at 400 , followed by subtlety from impurities by mindlessness distillation or rectification regulate melting . The most important neighborhood of use lithium - nuclear designer (making control rods in the reactor shelter system ) . 7Li quiet used as a coolant in nuclear reactors. In the lithium metal used to break Mg-based alloys of lithium and Al , and its addition i mproves ductility , improves strength, resistance to corrosion.'